Inhibition of Glycyrrhizin on acute alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization in mice / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin(Gly)on acute alkali burn induced corneal neovascularization(CNV)in mice. <p>METHODS: Corneal neovascularization was established in mice by alkali burn. Sixty mice were then randomly distributed into normal group, Gly group and phosphate buffer solution(PBS)group. The mice were treated with subconjunctival injection of 2g/L Gly solution or vehicle alone every other day for 14d. Corneal inflammation and neovascularization were monitored with a slit lamp microscope. At the end of treatment, the corneas were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining as well as immunohistochemical of CD34 and myeloperoxidase(MPO)staining, microvessel density(MVD), neutrophils were then calculated. <p>RESULTS: At the 7 and 14d, the CNV area of Gly group were 4.16±0.00 and 7.33±0.13mm² respectively, which were lower than those in PBS group(7.58±0.20 and 9.24±0.08mm²; all <i>P</i><0.05). The HE pathological staining showed that there were no changes in morphology as well as no neovascularization or inflammatory cell infiltration in the cornea of control group. In the Gly group, blood vessels and inflammatory cell infiltration nearly diminished with collagen in normal shape. While in the PBS group, extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells and neovascularization was examed in the corneal stroma. The immunohistochemical CD34 staining performed that the MVD in the Gly group was 11.13±1.46 bars per square millimeter, which was lower than that in PBS group(34.08±2.46)bars per square millimeter(<i>P</i><0.001). Additionally, the immunohistochemical MPO staining showed that the number of neutrophils in Gly group was 17.50±1.98 cells per 200-fold field of view, lower than that in PBS group(59.56±4.79, <i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: Gly can eliminate corneal inflammation and inhibit corneal neovascularization in mice with acute corneal alkali burn, which provides a new idea for clinical prevention and treatment of corneal neovascularization.

Phenolic constituents of Pumbago zeylanica and their anti-oxidative effects / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the phenolic compounds from Plumbago zeylanica and their anti-oxidant activities. Methods :The phenolic compounds and their analogues were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC, and HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopy data. The isolated compounds were tested for anti-oxidant activity by ABTS assay. Results: Twelve phenolic compounds were obtained and identified as (±)-5,5’-dimethoxyl ariciresionl 4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), tracheloside (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin (5), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (7), apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), luteolin 6-C-β- glucopyranoside (9), polybotrin (10), 3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-(3’,5’-dimethoxy-4’-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (11), and (2E,4E,1’R,3’S,5’R,8’S)-dihydrophaseic acid-3’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12). The anti-oxidant activity experiment showed that compounds 3-9 displayed significant anti-oxidative activities. Conclusion: All of the twelve phenolic compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. The isolated flavones 3-9 displayed significant anti-oxidative activities.

Characteristic dysbiosis of gut microbiota of Chinese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by an insight into the pan-microbiome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is reported associated with the alteration of gut microbial composition termed as dysbiosis. However, the pathogenic mechanism of IBS remains unclear, while the studies of Chinese individuals are scarce. This study aimed to understand the concept of dysbiosis among patients with Chinese diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), as a degree of variance between the gut microbiomes of IBS-D population and that of a healthy population.@*METHODS@#The patients with IBS-D were recruited (assessed according to the Rome III criteria, by IBS symptom severity score) from the Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of Peking University Third Hospital, and volunteers as healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, during 2013. The 16S rRNA sequences were extracted from fecal samples. Ribosomal database project resources, basic local alignment search tool, and SparCC software were used to obtain the phylotype composition of samples and the internal interactions of the microbial community. Herein, the non-parametric test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test was carried out to find the statistical significance between HC and IBS-D groups. All the P values were adjusted to q values to decrease the error rate.@*RESULTS@#The study characterized the gut microbiomes of Chinese patients with IBS-D, and demonstrated that the dysbiosis could be characterized as directed alteration of the microbiome composition leading to greater disparity between relative abundance of two phyla, Bacteroidetes (Z = 4.77, q = 1.59 × 10) and Firmicutes (Z = -3.87, q = 5.83 × 10). Moreover, it indicated that the IBS symptom features were associated with the dysbiosis of whole gut microbiome, instead of one or several certain genera even they were dominating. Two genera, Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, were identified as the core genera, meanwhile, the non-core genera contribute to a larger pan-microbiome of the gut microbiome. Furthermore, the dysbiosis in patients with IBS-D was associated with a reduction of network complexity of the interacted microbial community (HC vs. IBS-D: 639 vs. 154). The disordered metabolic functions of patients with IBS-D were identified as the potential influence of gut microbiome on the host (significant difference with q < 0.01 between HC and IBS-D).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study supported the view of the potential influence of gut microbiome on the symptom of Chinese patients with IBS-D, and further characterized dysbiosis in Chinese patients with IBS-D, thus provided more pathological evidences for IBS-D with the further understanding of dysbiosis.

Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical gastrectomy: comparison between laparoscopic and open approach / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the short-term outcomes after hand-assisted laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between June 2010 and May 2011, a series of 15 patients underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy(HG), 16 patients underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy(LP), and 11 patients underwent open gastrectomy(OP). Short-term outcomes included operative time, blood loss, lymph nodes harvested, and the length of incision were collected after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative time was 150-200 min in HG, 180-220 min in LP, and 150-200 min in OP respectively. The time of laparoscopic procedure was 18-58 and 70-100 min respectively. The average incision length was 6.8 cm in HG, 5.6 cm in LP, and 13.5 cm in OP. The average number of lymph nodes harvested was 17.6, 15.1 and 16.4 respectively. The average estimated blood loss was 228 ml, 278 ml, and 427 ml respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 9.9, 10.8, and 12.4 d. No anastomotic leakage, bleeding, or gastric paralysis were found. One wound infection case was found in OP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hand-assisted laparoscopic gastrectomy is in concordance with the standardized treatment protocol for gastric cancer. Lymph node dissection is easier by HG, therefore HG can be an alternative for the radical resection of gastric cancer.</p>